Convection Of Heat in Air Apparataus

Specifications:

• Components:
  • A rectangular glass or transparent chamber.
  • Two vertical glass chimneys/tubes (one for inlet, one for outlet).
  • A small candle or heat source placed below one chimney.
  • A holder or base to stabilize the setup.
  • A source of smoke (like an incense stick).

Working Principle: This apparatus demonstrates convection currents in air, a method of heat transfer.

• The candle heats the air in one of the chimneys (the right one in the image).
• Hot air rises due to its lower density, creating an upward current.
• Cooler air from the other chimney (left side) enters the chamber to replace the rising hot air.
• Smoke from the incense stick placed near the cool chimney helps visualize the airflow:

It moves into the chamber from the cool side and exits from the hot side, making the convection current visible.